UGC NET Environmental Science PYQ
EVS PAPER-2 JUNE-2023
1. Absolute humidity in atmosphere at 10°C is 5.0g/m³ and maximum amount of water air can hold at same temperature is 10g/m². What will be the relative humidity at the same temperature?
1. -20%
2.~200%
3. -50%
4.-2%
ANSWER-3
2. Standard Bio-chemical oxygen demand test is performed in 300ml BOD bottle at
1. 25°C after 5 days
2. 15°C after 5 days
3. 20°C after 5 days
4. Ambient temperature after 5 days
ANSWER-3
3. If for a data series the value of skewness is -1, then which of the following relationship between Median (Md) and Third Quartile (Q) holds True?
1. Md-Q-1
2. MdQ0
3. Md-Q–1
4. Md-Q-1.5
ANSWER-2
4. Fuel cell is a device that directly converts
1. Chemical energy into mechanical energy
2. Chemical energy into electric energy
3. Solar energy into electricity
4. Solar energy into mechanical energy
ANSWER-2
5. Given below are two statements:
Statement 1: Phosphorus cycle begins when phosphorus compounds leach from rocks and
minerals over long period of time. Statement II: Phosphorus is mainly takes up by producer organism in the organic form.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below
1. Both Statement I and Statement II are true.
2. Both Statement 1 and Statement II are false.
3. Statement I is true but Statement II is false.
4. Statement 1 is false but Statement II is true.
ANSWER-3
8. Oil shales, which are sedimentary rocks, containing a mixture of hydrocarbon is collectively known as
1. Gas Hydrates
2. Kerogen
3. Coal
4. Marsh Gas
ANSWER-2
9. Which test is not required for evaluating the properties of coal for coke making?
1. Gray King
2. Swelling Number
3. Gieseler Plastometric Test
4. Rock Eval pyrolysis
ANSWER-4
10. The term used to describe the act of recovering materials from the waste stream and reprocessing them so that they can be used as raw material for new applications is called. as
1. Reusing
2. Remanufacturing
3. Recycling
4. Repairing
ANSWER-3
11. In the following of Chi-square distribution for test of association between two characteristics (say Gender and discomfort due to humidity) arrange the following steps in correct sequence.
A. Compare the calculated value of X-statistic with tabulated value
B. Set up the Null Hypothesis
C. Tabulate data in the contingency table
D. Divide square difference of expected frequency from observed frequency and add the values at each data point
E. Calculate the expected frequencies
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. D, B, C, E, A
2. B, C, E, D, A
3. B, C, D, E. A
4. А, В, С, Е, D
ANSWER-2
12. Which of the following is catalytically inactive (or reservoir) molecule containing chlorine in stratosphere?
1. HOCI
2. CIO
3. CIONO
4. Ch
ANSWER-3
13. Choose the Incorrect Statement:
1. For a system at equilibrium, chemical potential is same in all phases. .
2. Gibb’s free energy change is zero at equilibrium state of a system.
3. Gibb’s free energy change is positive for reaction to occur spontaneously,
4. AG will become more negative with increasing temperature.
ANSWER-3
14. Choose the correct statement(s)
A. Os in stratosphere is not completely effective in shielding us from UV-B
B. UV-A is biologically least harmful.
C Chapman mechanism deals with only Os formation in stratosphere.
D. Sunscreen lotions either reflect or absorb or scatter UV-B and UV-A
E. UV-B helps in dissociation of Os molecule in stratosphere.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. B, C, D and E only
2. A, B, D and E only
3. A, C, D and E only
4. A, B and C only
ANSWER-2
15. Which of the following statements are true with respect to stationary and stable population?
A. A stationary population is not always stable.
B. A stationary population is always stable.
C. A stable population need not be stationary.
D. In stationary population, the rate of overall change in the population is zero
E. In stable population, the rate of overall change in population is constant (not necessary zero)
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. A and C only
2. B and E only
3. B, C, D and E only
4. A, C and E only
ANSWER-3
16. Illites contain interlayer cations of
1. Na
2. K
3. Mg
4. Fe
ANSWER-2
17. Which of the following hypothesis account for the relationship of biodiversity to ecosystem functioning?
1. Climate stability hypothesis
2. Intermediate disturbance hypothesis
3. Redundancy hypothesis
4. Spatial heterogeneity hypothesis
ANSWER-3
18. Which of the following disasters are linked with nuclear accident?
A. Bhopal Disaster, 1984
B. Chernobyl Disaster, 1986.
C. Fukushima Disaster, 2011
D. Love Canal Disaster, 1978
E. Minamata Disaster, 1956
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. A and B only
2. B and Conly
3. Cand D only
4. D and E only
ANSWER-2
19. In dose-response curve of chemical substances, there exists a dose below which none of the animal is affected, which is called as:
1. Absorbed dose
2. Threshold dose
3. Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)
4. Toxicity Reference Dose (RID)
ANSWER-2
20. Life cycle assessment of a product includes:
A. Raw material extraction
B. Product manufacturing
C. Product Remanufacture
D. Packaging and distribution
E. Product disposal
Choose the most appropriate from the options given below:
1. B and D only
2. B, D and E only
3. A, B and E only
4. A, B, C, D and E only
ANSWER-4
21. In a frequency distribution table, having equally spaced class intervals, which of the following measure of central tendency requires three class interval frequencies for its estimation?
1. Mean
2. Median
3. Mode
4. Harmonic Mean
ANSWER-3
22. Given below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.
Assertion A: The centers of the greatest biodiversity, the mega-biodiversity regions of the world, tend to be in the tropics.
Reason R: Over long geological times, the tropical areas have had a more stable climate, never been glaciated, therefore, local species continued to thrive and live there itself.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below
1. Both A and R are true but R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
3. A is true but R is false
4. A is false but R is true
ANSWER-1
23. Criteria pollutant under National Ambient Air Quality (NAAQ) are
A. SO2
B. NO
C. NH
D. O
E. CO
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. A, B, C and E only
2. A, B and Donly
3. A, B, C and D only
4. A, B, D and E only
ANSWER-2
24. Sciophytes are:
1. Sun adapted plants
2. Shade adapted plants
3. Snow adapted plants
4. Desert adapted plants
ANSWER-2
25. Given below are two statements:
Statement I: In terms of hydrocarbon component, natural gas as it exits from ground consist predominantly (60-90%) and other components include ethane, propane and two butane isomers,
Statement II: Enormous quantity of natural gas is held in methane hydrates (Clathrates) in ocean sediments and premafost.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
1. Both Statement 1 and Statement II are truc.
2. Both Statement I and Statement II are false.
3. Statement I is true but Statement II is false.
4. Statement I is false but Statement II is true.
ANSWER-1
26. Given below are two statements:
Statement I: Process of incineration that destroys highly toxic and hazardous organic waste differs from municipal solid waste incineration where energy is often produced. Statement II: Incineration process cannot be used with waste that have high concentration of water and non-combustible solids.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options
1. Both Statement I and Statement II are true.
2. Both Statement I and Statement II are false.
3. Statement I is true but Statement II is false.
4. Statement I is false hut Statement II is true.
ANSWER-1
27. Which of the following has a composition of calcium phosphate?
1. Dolomite
2. Calcite
3. Aragonite
4. Apatite
ANSWER-4
29. Which of the following is not applicable to secondary air pollutants?
1. They are important with respect to human health.
2. They have undergone chemical/physical transformation in air.
3. They include both inorganic and organic species/compound.
4. They are non-hazardous air pollutants.
ANSWER-4
30. “The formalized, systematic and comprehensive process of evaluating the environmental impacts of a policy, programme, plan or its alternatives as well as using the findings in publicly accountable decision making is called:
1. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
2. Integrated Impact Assessment (IIA)
3. Ecological Impact Assessment (ECIA)
4. Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment (SEIA)
ANSWER-4
31. Calculate alkalinity of a water sample having a pH of nine (9) and no carbonate or other dissolved proton donors or acceptors.
1. 10 mol L
2. -101 mol L
3. 10 µmol L
4.5 µmol L
ANSWER-3
32. The energy that a windmill can gather is proportional to the
1. Second power of wind speed (v²)
2. Square of its blade length
3. Third power of blade length
4. Wind speed (v)
ANSWER-2
33. Which of the following faults, responsible for earthquakes origin, is initiated only by tensile stress?
1. Normal fault
2. Thrust fault.
3. Strike slip fault
4. Oblique slip fault
ANSWER-1
34. Arrange the following metamorphic force in increasing order of pressure.
A. Greenschist
B. Eclogite
C. Albite-Epidote hornfels
D. Blueschist
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. B, A, C, D
2. A, B, C, D
3. A, C, D, B
4. C. A. D. B
ANSWER-4
35. The increasing order of greenhouse gases in terms of the amount of extra warming they produce in earth’s atmosphere is:
A. CO₂
B. CH
C. NO
D. CFCs
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. A<B<C<D
2. D<C<B<A
3. C<D<B<A
4. C<B<D<A
ANSWER-3
36. Second law of thermodynamics states that
A. Energy flows from higher concentration to lower concentration.
B. Order becomes disorder during energy transformations.
C. The quality of energy degrades as it is transformed.
D. Degraded energy is entropy, dissipated as waste products or heat.
E. Enthalpy is wasted in energy transformation.
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
1. A, B and C only
2. B, C and D only
3. A, C, D and E only
4. A, B, C, D and E only
ANSWER-4
37. The Gaussian Plume dispersion model is applicable only when
A. Pollutant is conservative.
B. Rate of emission of pollutant is constant.
C. Emission comes from actual height of stack
D. Pollutants are absorbed, not reflected hack, after hitting the ground.
E. Temporal variations in wind speed are considered.
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
1. A, C and E only
2. A, B, C and D only
3. A and B only
4. B and D only
ANSWER-3
38. Which of the following does not fall under the category of ionizing radiation?
1. Ultraviolet
2. X-rays
3. Microwave
4. Gamma rays
ANSWER-1
39. Which of the following is involved in denitrification process in terrestrial environment?
1. Rhizobium
2. Spirillum Lipoferum
3. Pseudomonas
4. Nitrosomonas
ANSWER-3
40. The input approaches in the strategies for reducing solid waste do not involve:
1. Reduced consumption
2. Increased product durability
3. Decreased materials in product
4. Environmentally safe disposal of waste
ANSWER-4
41. Which of the following condition is FALSE from the validity point of view with respect to Chi-square as a test for ‘goodness of fit”?
1. The sample observations should be independent.
2. Constraints on cell frequencies, if any, should be linear (i.e., sum of observed frequencies should be equal to expected frequencies)
3. N, the total frequency should be large (>50)
4. Some of the cell frequencies can be less than 5.
ANSWER-4
42. Which of the following Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) focuses on reduced inequalities?
1. SDG-10
2. SDG-3
3. SDG-5
4. SDG-7
ANSWER-1
43. The stress tolerant (s) species shall have the following life history strategy.
A. Shoot morphology dense canopy
B. Flowering – Annual monocarpic
C. Reproductive effort – small
D. Growth rate rapid
E. Resource allocation to seed production-small
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
1. A and C only
2. B and E only
3. C and E only
4. A and D only
ANSWER-3
44. Choose the correct statement (s)
A. Poccurs naturally in rocks and released in water by weathering.
B. Pexist as orthophosphate and organically bound phosphate in water.
Dissolved inorganic P is also referred as soluble reactive phosphorus,
C. D. P is limiting nutrient in aquatic system.
E. It is difficult to differentiate between Zooplankton-P, bacterial-P, algae-P and inorganic P.
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
1. A, B, D and E only
2. A, B, C and D only
3. A, B, C, D and E only
4. B. C and D only
ANSWER-3
46. Which of the following is dominantly released during third stage (anaerobic) of decomposition in municipal landfill?
1. Ammonia
2. Aldehyde
3. Acetic acid
4. Methane
ANSWER-4
47. The use of plants to absorb and accumulate hazardous materials from the soil is termed as
1. Bioremediation
2. Phytoremediation
3. Biodegradation.
4. Biotransformation
ANSWER-2
48. Which of the following metal is NOT used in wood preservation?
1. Cu
2. Cr
3. As
4. Pb
ANSWER-4
49. Different species resemble in ecological features but form similar looking vegetation in widely separated geographical regions by assuming similar life forms under the influence of extreme climatic conditions are known as:
1. Endemics.
2. Convergences
3. Speciation
4. Adaptive radiation
ANSWER-2
50. Which of the following species in a lake/pond not a proton acceptor?
L. Al
2. Natural Organic matter
3. Hs
4. HSIO
ANSWER-1
51. Air Pollution Control techniques applied to reduce gaseous pollutants in ambient atmosphere are
A. Cyclone collectors
B. Limestone Injection multistage Burner in thermal Power Plants
C. Selective catalytic Reduction (SCR) in thermal power plants
D. Electrostatic Precipitators in thermal Power Plants
E. Fabric bag filters
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
1. B, C and D only
2. C and D only.
3. B, C and E only
4. B and D only
ANSWER-3
52. In epidemiology, the study which first identify a group of individuals who have a specific disease, then attempt to ascertain commonalities in the exposure that group have experienced are referred to as
1. Toxicology study
2. Correlation study
3. Cohort study
4. Case-control study.
ANSWER-4
53. The unit of K, rate constant for first order reaction will be
1. mol cm³ s
2. mol cm³ ای
3. s
4. mot¹ cm³s
ANSWER-3
55. Given below are two statements:
Statement I: Ecosystems are closed to flow of energy, materials and biota and we are tightly bound in space and time.
Statement II: There are five dynamic interactive controls, (ie., local climate, supply of resources, functional groups of organisms, disturbance regimes and anthropogenic activities) regulating ecosystem processes.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below
1. Both Statement 1 and Statement II are true.
2. Both Statement 1 and Statement II are false.
3. Statement I is true but Statement 11 is false.
4. Statement I is false but Statement II is true.
ANSWER – 4
56. Given below are two statements; One is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.
Assertion A: Glacial lakes get stratified during winters.
Reason R: Water has maximum density at 4″C.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below
1. Both A and R are true but R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
3. A is true but R is false
4. A is false but R is true
ANSWER-2
58. Which of the following is NOT listed as National Mission that comes under National Action Plan for Climate Change (NAPCC)?
1. National Mission for a clean India
2. National Mission for a Green India
3. National Mission for sustainable habitat
4. National Mission for sustaining Himalayan ecosystem
ANSWER-1
60. In waste pollution prevention hierarchy, arrange following from the most preferred to the least preferred options.
A. Waste concentration
B. Waste separation
C. Recycling or Reuse
D. Waste treatment
E. Land filling
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. A, B, C, D, E
2. B, A, C, D, E
3. C, A, B, D, E
4. C. B, A, D, E
ANSWER-4
61. Which of the following conservation programs recently (April 01, 2023) completed 50 years?
1. Project Elephant
2. Project Hangul
3. Project Snow Leopard
4. Project Tiger
ANSWER-4
63. Which of the following is NOT involved/required for photochemical smog formation in ambient atmosphere?
1. Volatile organic compounds
2. Nitric and Nitrogen dioxide
3. Sulfur dioxide
4. Ozone
ANSWER-3
64. Arrange the following mass movements in increasing order of velocity.
A. Rock fall
B. Earth flow
C. Debris flow
D. Earth creep
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. A, B, C, D
2. D, B, C, A
3. D. A, B, C
4. B, A, C, D
ANSWER-2
65. Choose the correct statements about coagulation process.
A. Coagulation makes smaller colloids to adhere to each other to form large floc particles.
B. Colloids are continually involved in Brownian moment.
C. Colloids are stable because of their surface charge.
D. Coagulants are preferably trivalent cations.
E, Coagulants are soluble in neutral pH
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
1. A, B and D only
2. A, B, D and E only
3. A, B, C and D only
4. A, C, D and E only
ANSWER-3
66. “Gas bubble disease” is caused by:
1. Excess nitrite in drinking water
2. Excess dissolved oxygen in drinking water
3. Excess carbon dioxide in drinking water
4. Excess chlorine in drinking water
ANSWER-2
67. Which of the following index is used for estimating population density?
1. Cycling Index
2. Biological Clock
3. Lotka Voltera Equation.
4. Lincoln Index
ANSWER-4
68. Arrange the following components of Tropical Rain Forest in decreasing order of organic carbon accumulation.
A. Leaf
B. Litter
C. Soil
D. Wood
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. B, A, C, D
2. D, C, A, B
3. C, D, B, A
4. A, C, B, D
ANSWER-2
69. The property of an aquifer that is measure of its ability to transmit water under a sloping piezometric surface is called:
1. Transmissivity
2. Porosity
3. Hydraulic conductivity
4. Hydraulic gradient
ANSWER-3
70. Coals are generally associated with
A. Limestone
B. Sandstone
C. Shale
D. Granite
E. Slate
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
1. B and D only
2. B and C only
3. A and D only
4. B and E only
ANSWER-2
72. Dobzhansky’s classifications of reproductive isolating mechanisms include:
A. Habitat selection
B. Flowering time
C. Sexual isolation
D. Isolation by pollinators
E. Hybrid vigour
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
1. A, B, C, E only
2. B, C, D and E only
3. A, C, D and E only
4. A, B, C, D only
ANSWER-4
73. technique in waste management in mainly accomplished in situ and include soil washing and the extraction of contaminant vapour from soil for highly volatile, water- insoluble contaminants such as gasoline.
1. In situ containment
2. Immobilization
3. Mobilization
4. Vitrification
ANSWER-3
74. The strong and rapidly moving circumpolar upper westerly air circulation in a narrow belt of few kilometers width in the upper limit of troposphere is called as:
1. Westerly
2. Rossby Waves
3. Thermal circulation
4. Jet stream
ANSWER-4
75. Who explained “Succession is an extraordinarily mobile phenomenon whose processes are not to be stated as fixed laws, but only a general principles of exceedingly broad nature and whose results need not and frequently do not occur in any definite predictable way”?
1. F.E. Clement (Relay Floristics view)
2. F.E. Egler (Initial Floristics Composition view)
3. H.A. Gleason (Individualistic Concept)
4. D. Tilman (Resource-ratio hypothesis)
ANSWER-2
76. In an idealized Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process, determining the need for EIA by the regulation operating in the country at the time of assessment for the project that may have significant impacts are covered in the following step of the EIA.
1. Decision making
2. Screening
3. Scoping
4. Environmental Statement Review
ANSWER-1
77. Sound pressure is equal to:
1. Total atmospheric pressure only
2. Total Atmospheric Pressure minus Barometric pressure only
3. Barometric pressure only
4. Sum of total atmospheric pressure and barometric pressure
ANSWER-2
78. Which of the following conditions are observed during the phenomenon of La Nina?
1. Warming in the Atlantic Ocean.
2. Water temperature in the eastern tropical pacific is cooler than average.
3. Warming in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean.
4. Water temperature in the Arctic Ocean is cooler than the average.
ANSWER-2
79. Given below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.
Assertion A: Natural acidic soils are found more in tropics as a result of thousands of years
of excessive weathering of soil minerals.
Reason R: Year-round high temperature and high rainfall leaches all basic cations from primary rock forming minerals.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below
1. Both A and R are true but R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
3. A is true but R is false
4. A is false but R is true
ANSWER-1
80. Which one of the following rock is formed at mid oceanic ridges?
1. Granite
2. Rhyolite
3. Basalt
4. Migmatite
ANSWER-3
81. Pyroxene weathers to produce
A. Silica
B. Fe-oxides
C. Bicarbonate ion
D. Smectite
E. Kaolinite
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. A, B, C and D only
2. A, C, D and E only
3. A, B and C only
4. B, C and E only
ANSWER-3
82. Wangari Muta Maathai, a kentan social, environmental and Political activist, Nobel Prize Winner, in the field of Environment Protection was related to
1. Green rating for integrated habitat assessment
2. Green Peace Movement
3. Green Accounting
4. Green Belt Movement
ANSWER-4
83. Which one of the following is a major feature of kandic sub-surface soil horizon?
1. Organic matter Fe and Al oxides accumulation
2. Accumulation of low activity clays
3. Hardpan, strongly cemented by silica.
4. Carbonate clays accumulation
ANSWER-2
84. Which one of the following gas was not released through volcanoes around 4 billion years ago?
1. Hydrogen
2. Nitrogen
3. Oxygen
4. Carbon dioxide
ANSWER-3
85. Excavated pits, used for solid waste disposal, lined with impermeable synthetic liner and thick impermeable layers of clay are an example of
1. Sanitary landfills
2. Secured landfills
3. Underground dumps
4. Composting dumps
ANSWER-2
86. Which of the following food webs are defined on the basis of the impacts of species on the structure of community?
1. Connectedness webs
2. Energy flow food webs
3. Functional food webs
4. Community food webs
ANSWER-3
87. Which of the following are spatial resolution of Terra/Aqua MODIS sensors?
A. 250 m
B. 500 m
C. 750 m
D. 1000 m
E. 1500 m
Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
1. A, B and C only
2. A, B and D only
3. A, B and E only.
4. B. C and D only
ANSWER-2
88. Arrange the following as a progression of relations from disciplinary reductionism to holism.
A. Cross disciplinary
B. Disciplinary
C. Interdisciplinary
D. Multidisciplinary
E. Transdisciplinary
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. B, A, C, D, E
. E, C, D, A, B 2
3. E, C, A, D, B
4. B, D, A, C, E
ANSWER-4
89. Given below are two statements:
Statement I: Major emission of Sulphur into the atmosphere is in the form of SO2 but longest lived reservoir is OCS.
Statement II: Sulphur in atmosphere leads to aerosol formation and clouds and therefore, cools the planet (Negative Green House effect).
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
1. Both Statement 1 and Statement II are correct.
2. Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.
3. Statement 1 is correct but Statement II is incorrect,
4. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct.
ANSWER-1
90. When reduction in the ambient temperature with height 7, is greater than the change in temperature with height induced by a dry adiabatic process, ra atmosphere is said to be
1. Absolutely stable
2. Dry neutral
3. Absolutely unstable
4. Conditionally unstable
ANSWER-3
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